
Flowing Wells Irrigation District
Annual Water Quality Report
for Calendar Year 2025
Este informe contiene informactión muy importante sobre el aqua usted bebe.
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https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/recursos-e-informacion-sobre-el-ccr-para-los-consumidores
PWSID# AZ04-10051
This is our annual report about your drinking water quality, also called a Consumer Confidence Report or CCR. Having clean, safe water is one of the most important services we provide, and we want you to be as informed as possible about your drinking water.
This report provides you with information about where your water comes from, results of sampling that we have performed, and any issues or violations that happened over the previous year. This water quality report includes a table with the most recent water testing results within the last 5 years. The table shows if different germs and chemicals were in a safe range and met the health standards of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Look for the column in the table called “TT or MCL violation,” to see if your utility found unsafe levels of any germs or chemicals.
You may also find real-time information about our water system at the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ)
Drinking Water Watch website at: https://azsdwis.azdeq.gov/DWW_EXT/.
Contact Us
We want our valued customers to be informed about their water quality. If you would like to learn more about public participation or to attend any of our regularly scheduled meetings, please contact us for additional information.
| Contact Name and Title | Phone Number | E-mail Address |
|---|---|---|
| Richard Rubal, Certified Operator | 520-887-4192 | customerservice@fwid.org |
Drinking Water Sources
The sources of drinking water (both tap and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells. As
water travels over the surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally occurring minerals and can pick up substances
resulting from the presence of animals, human activity, or radioactive material.
Our water source(s):
Our water system has 9 wells that draw water from the Upper Santa Cruz sub-basin of the Tucson Active Management Area basin.

Source Water Assessment
Making the water safe to drink starts by protecting the place it comes from. We work with state scientists at ADEQ to examine water at its source to look for possible pollutants. We examine the hydrogeological nature of the land surrounding the water source and focus on how well the water source is protected from contamination. This is called a Source Water Assessment (SWA).
Our system has not yet received a SWA because we either did not exist when ADEQ last conducted assessments, were inactive, received all our water from another provider at that time, or ADEQ did not conduct an assessment for our system.
Further SWA information can be found on ADEQ’s website: https://azdeq.gov/source-water-protection.
Requests for further SWA information may also be sent to ADEQ via email at: sourcewaterprotection@azdeq.gov.
Drinking Water Contaminants
Contaminants are any physical, chemical, biological, or radiological substance or matter in water. Contaminants that may be present in source water include:
Microbial Contaminants such as viruses and bacteria, which may come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural livestock operations, and wildlife.
Disinfectants such as chlorine, added to water to control microbes, and Disinfection By-products formed by interactions between disinfectants and natural organic materials in water.
Inorganic Contaminants such as salts and metals, which can occur naturally in the soil or groundwater or may result from urban stormwater runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater discharge, oil and gas production, mining, or farming.
Organic Chemical Contaminants including synthetic and volatile organic chemicals, which are by-products of
industrial processes and petroleum production, and can also come from gas stations, urban stormwater runoff, and septic systems.
Pesticides and Herbicides which may come from a variety of sources such as agriculture, urban stormwater runoff, and residential uses.
Radioactive Contaminants which can be naturally occurring or be the result of oil and gas production and mining activities.
Vulnerable Population
Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that water poses a health risk. In order to ensure that tap water is safe to drink, the EPA prescribes regulations which limit the amount of certain contaminants in water provided by public water systems. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations establish limits for contaminants in bottled water which must provide the same protection for public health.
Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population. Immuno-compromised persons such as persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some elderly, and infants can be particularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers.
More information about contaminants, their potential health effects, and the appropriate means to lessen the risk can be obtained by calling the EPA’s Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 800-426-4791 or visiting the website epa.gov/safewater.
Lead Informational Statement:
Lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young children. Lead in drinking water is primarily from materials and components associated with service lines and home plumbing.
Flowing Wells Irrigation District is responsible for providing high quality drinking water and removing lead pipes within its distribution system but cannot control the variety of materials used in plumbing components in your home. You share the responsibility for protecting yourself and your family from the lead in your home plumbing. You can take responsibility by identifying and removing lead materials within your home plumbing and taking steps to reduce your family’s risk.
Before drinking tap water, flush your pipes for several minutes by running your tap, taking a shower, doing laundry or a load of
dishes. You can also use a filter certified by an American National Standards Institute accredited certifier to reduce lead in drinking water.
To address lead in drinking water, public water systems were required to develop and maintain an inventory of service line materials by Oct 16, 2024. Developing an inventory and identifying the location of lead service lines (LSL) is the first step for beginning LSL replacement and protecting public health. Please contact us if you would like more information about the inventory or any lead sampling that has been done.
If you are concerned about lead in your water and wish to learn about testing your water, please contact us. Information on lead in drinking water, testing methods, and steps you can take to minimize exposure is also available at:
epa.gov/safewater/lead.

Water Quality Data – Regulated Contaminants
The following terms are related to water quality data presented in the following table(s):
Action Level (AL): The concentration of a contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment, or other requirements.
Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL): The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water.
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG): The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which no known or expected risk to health exists.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL): The level of disinfectant added for water treatment that may not be exceeded at the consumer’s tap.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal (MRDLG): The level of disinfectant added for treatment at which no known or
anticipated adverse effect on health of persons would occur.
Minimum Reporting Limit (MRL): The smallest measured concentration of a substance that can be reliably measured by a given analytical method.
Not Applicable (NA): The EPA has not established a MCL and/or a MCLG for this contaminant.
Picocuries per liter (pCi/L): Measure of the radioactivity in water.
ppm: Parts per million or Milligrams per liter (mg/L) ppm = 1000 x ppb
ppb: Parts per billion or Micrograms per liter (μg/L) ppb = 1000 x ppt
ppt: Parts per trillion or Nanograms per liter (ng/L)
The following water quality data only contain results for detected contaminants in your drinking water. Some results are from earlier years than the current year. This is because, according to regulation, some contaminants are monitored less frequently than once per year. The most recent results are shown in the table.
| Disinfectants | MRDL Violation? | Average | Range | MRDL | MRDLG | Sample Date | Likely Source of Contamination |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorine/Chloramine (ppm) | N | 0.48 | 0.34 to 0.61 | 4 | 4 | 2025 | Water additive used to control microbes |
| Disinfection By-Products | MCL Violation? | Highest Location Average | Range | MCL | MCLG | Sample Date | Likely Source of Contamination |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) (ppb) | N | 6.2 | 0.7 to 11.8 | 80 | N/A | 2025 | Byproduct of drinking water disinfection |
| Lead & Copper | AL Violation? | 90th Percentile | Number of Samples Exceeding the AL | AL | MCLG | Sample Date | Likely Source of Contamination |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Copper (ppm) | N | 0.13 | 0 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 7/2025 | Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits |
| Radionuclides | MCL Violation? | Average or Highest Level Detected | Range | MCL | MCLG | Sample Date | Likely Source of Contamination |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpha Emitters including uranium (pCi/L) | N | 3 | 0 to 3 | 15 | 0 | 2/2022 | Erosion of natural deposits |
| Inorganic Chemicals (IOC) | MCL Violation? | Average or Highest Level Detected | Range | MCL | MCLG | Sample Date | Likely Source of Contamination |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arsenic (ppb) | N | 6.5 | 0 to 8.0 | 10 | 0 | 2025 | Erosion of natural deposits, runoff from orchards, runoff from glass and electronics production wastes |
| Barium (ppm) | N | 0.13 | 0.04 to 0.13 | 2 | 2 | 1/2025 | Discharge of drilling wastes; discharge from metal refineries; Erosion of natural deposits |
| Fluoride (ppm) | N | 0.55 | 0 to 0.55 | 4 | 4 | 1/2025 | Erosion of natural deposits; water additive which promotes strong teeth; fertilizer/aluminum factories |
| Nitrate (ppm) | N | 4.2 | 1.4to 5.3 | 10 | 10 | 2025 | Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks, sewage; erosion of natural deposits |
| Selenium (ppb) | N | 2.2 | 0 to 2.2 | 50 | 50 | 1/2025 | Discharge from petroleum and metal refineries; erosion of natural deposits; discharge from mines |
| Sodium (ppm) | N | 170 | 43 to 170 | N/A | N/A | 1/2025 | Erosion of natural deposits |
Water Quality Table – Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (Required Reporting)
In 2023-2025 your drinking water was sampled for the presence and concentration of 29 different per- and polyfluoroalkyl
substances (PFAS). PFAS are man-made chemicals that are resistant to heat, water, and oil. They have been used since the 1940s to manufacture various consumer products, including fire-fighting foam and stain resistant, water-resistant, and non-stick items. Many PFAS do not break down easily and can build up in people, animals, and the environment over time. Scientific studies have shown that exposure to certain PFAS can be harmful to people and animals, depending on the level and duration of exposure.
To learn more about this group of chemicals, we encourage you to visit the ADEQ website at:
azdeq.gov/pfas-resources.
You may also read the ADEQ-provided “PFAS 101 Fact Sheet” or view ADEQ’s Introduction to PFAS video on YouTube at:
youtube.com/watch?v=t44kSh0uKXE
Your drinking water was also tested for lithium. Lithium is a naturally occurring metal that may concentrate in brine waters; lithium salts are used as pharmaceuticals, in electrochemical cells and batteries, and in organic syntheses.
| Metals | Average | Range | Sampling Date | MRL | Analytical Methods |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithium (ppb) | 72 | 0 to 228 | 2023 | 9 | EPA 200.7, SM 3120 B, ASTM D1976–20 |
The following PFAS compounds were detected in your drinking water:
| Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) | Average | Range | Sampling Date | MRL | Analytical Methods |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS)* (ppt) | 1.43 | 0 to 8.57 | 10/2025 | 3 | EPA 533 |
| Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (ppt) | 1.49 | 0 to 6.70 | 10/2025 | 4 | EPA 533 |
| Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (ppt) | 0.79 | 0 to 4.76 | 10/2025 | 4 | EPA 533 |
| Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS)* (ppt) | 2.98 | 0 to 9.06 | 10/2025 | 3 | EPA 533 |
| Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) (ppt) | 0.61 | 0 to 3.66 | 10/2025 | 3 | EPA 533 |
| Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) | 0.38 | 0 to 2.27 | 10/2025 | 3 | EPA 533 |
| Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) (ppt) | 0.58 | 0 to 4.00 | 2023 | 3 | EPA 533 |


If you would like a copy of this report mailed to you, please call, stop by, or email the office and we will be happy to get one to you or
click here for a downloadable copy (PDF format).
Please share this information with other people who drink this water, especially those who may not have received this notice directly (for example, people in apartments, nursing homes, schools, and businesses). You can do this by posting this notice in a public place or distributing copies by hand or mail.